内河船舶LNG发动机-蓄电池混合动力系统性能仿真

为改善船舶天然气发动机动力系统调速性能，提高内河液化天然气（LNG）燃料动力船舶的操纵性及安全性，提出构建天然气发动机-蓄电池混合动力系统。分别针对LNG发动机动力系统及混合动力系统建立Matlab/Simulink仿真模型，并实现了船舶起动和变负荷过程。对两种仿真系统的仿真结果进行分析，结果表明：采用该混合动力系统的船舶变负荷过程航速变化区间变大，系统达到稳定时间缩短；采用设计的控制策略，天然气的消耗最多降低19.6%；NOx、CO、HC排放分别最多降低22.1%、18.5%、23.6%。     

双PWM变频调速系统在矿井提升机中的应用

针对目前大部分矿井提升机仍采用转子串电阻调速方法造成能量浪费的现状,提出了一种双PWM变频调速方案:三相电压型PWM整流器采用电压、电流双闭环控制,其中电流环引入前馈解耦控制,并结合空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)算法来提高直流电压利用率。仿真实验的结果表明,该双PWM变频调速系统控制精度高、动态响应快、抗扰能力强,能有效地实现矿井提升机的节能降耗。     

基于永磁涡流传动的长距离带式输送机启动特性研究

针对矿用带式输送机启动过程易出现打滑、淤带和断带等问题,基于永磁涡流传动技术,将双盘式磁力耦合器作为带式输送机的驱动装置,建立双盘式磁力耦合器动态数学模型,运用AMEsim软件搭建带式输送机系统仿真模型,设置启动时间分别为60、80和100 s,采用Harrison控制曲线启动时,研究带式输送机满载启动时机头、机尾部输送带的速度特性和张力特性,张紧装置位移特性以及双盘式磁力耦合器调速气隙特性,仿真结果表明:当启动时间为60 s时,带式输送机输送带速度波动大,动张力明显,尾部输送带最大张力达到29 kN,启动过程不平稳;双盘式磁力耦合器调速时,气隙变化与带式输送机启动速度变化趋势相反,启动过程气隙从22 mm减小到4 mm;当启动时间为80 s和100 s时,带式输送机启动过程相对平稳,速度和张紧装置位移波动小,尾部输送带张力波动幅度分别为5 kN和3 kN;带式输送机启动过程存在最佳启动时间,继续延长时间,对带式输送机启动特性影响越来越小,80 s可作为合理启动时间。     

Synthesis of “walnut-like” BiOCl/Br solid solution photocatalyst by electrostatic self-assembly method

In this paper, under the control strategy of surface charge of BiOCl photocatalyst and the electrostatic adsorption of anions and cations in potassium bromide (KBr) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), the self-assembly of “walnut-like” BiOCl/Br solid solution nanophotocatalyst at a lower temperature water bath was proposed for the first time. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy-dispersive system (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), UV-Vis, photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and Mott-Schottky curve, transient photocurrent densities, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to analyze the properties of materials, including its morphology, element distribution and chemical states, specific surface area, electrochemical property, and photogenic charge transfer. Based on the degradation performance of RhB dye wastewater and phenol in visible and ultraviolet light, and the band structure of BiOCl/Br solid solution, the reason for the improved photocatalytic activity was deeply discussed, and the possible degradation mechanism was also put forward. The above results show that Br⁻ can be inserted into the crystal lattice of BiOCl under the effect of electrostatic adsorption to form solid solution by the interaction between atomic orbitals, which not only reduces the bandgap width but also improves the separation and mobility of photogenic electrons and holes, causing the absorbed light to shift red to the visible region. In addition, when the n_Br⁻/n_Cl⁻ = 0.67, “walnut-like” BiOCl/Br solid solution was formed, and this kind of special core-shell structure not only can increase the specific surface area, increase the number of active sites, but also can make the light reflect and refract many times in the cavity and further increase the utilization rate of light energy, and then the best photocatalytic activity was achieved. This study provides an new method to enhance the photocatalytic performance of BiOCl and be conducive to the development of modern material science.     

代谢工程调控策略在生物合成氨基酸及其衍生物中的应用

氨基酸的工业化生产已有上百年历史，多用于动物饲料和食品添加剂；很多种类的氨基酸如L-半胱氨酸、β-丙氨酸、S-腺苷甲硫氨酸、4-羟基异亮氨酸和高丝氨酸等也具有很高的应用价值。相较于化工合成或分离提取的方式，利用微生物细胞作为平台生产氨基酸及其衍生物具有绿色安全、可持续等独特的优势。本文综述了近年来微生物合成氨基酸及其衍生物的研究进展，分别介绍了碳源的高效利用、限速步骤的调节、碳通量的调节、转录和反馈抑制调节以及转运调节等代谢调控策略在提高微生物生产氨基酸及其衍生物效率的研究及应用，分析了不同调控策略的优势和缺点，总结了不同氨基酸及其衍生物的应用价值，最后展望了微生物作为细胞工厂生产各类氨基酸及其衍生物的广阔前景。     

Phosphor SrZrO3:Sm3+ with fluorescence modulation and photochromic characteristics for erasable optical storage

At present, for inorganic photochromic materials, the single function limits their application level in the field of optical storage and anti-counterfeiting. Generally, the reversible modulation of photoluminescence is achieved through a photochromic process, thereby improving the ability of the photochromic material to store information. Here, we designed a Sm³⁺ doped perovskite oxide (SrZrO₃:Sm³⁺) inorganic photochromic material. Combined with its red photoluminescence and photochromic properties, it can realize dual information storage and recognition functions. The fluorescence regulation function is realized by the doping of Sm³⁺, which is conducive to the application in the direction of optical switch. The mechanism of photoluminescence and photochromism was studied. Finally, a flexible film with SrZrO₃:Sm³⁺ material was fabricated to demonstrate rewritable optical recording and storage and reading of dual optical information.     

Reexamination of the Ergothioneine Biosynthetic Methyltransferase EgtD from Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a Protein Kinase Substrate

Ergothioneine has emerged as a crucial cytoprotectant in the pathogenic lifestyle of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Production of this antioxidant from primary metabolites may be regulated by phosphorylation of Thr213 in the active site of the methyltransferase EgtD. The structure of mycobacterial EgtD suggests that this post-translational modification would require a large-scale change in conformation to make the active-site residue accessible to a protein kinase. In this report, we show that, under in vitro conditions, EgtD is not a substrate of protein kinase PknD.     

microRNA在亨廷顿病中的研究进展

亨廷顿病(Huntington's disease, HD)是神经退行性疾病(neurodegenerative disorders)中一种单基因遗传病,由亨廷顿基因(the huntingtin gene, HTT)第一个外显子中的CAG三核苷酸序列重复扩增引起,尚无法治愈。HTT编码的蛋白产物被称为亨廷顿蛋白(Huntingtin protein, Htt)。突变亨廷顿蛋白(mutated huntingtin protein, mHtt)容易形成聚集体,具有毒性,导致一系列细胞学异常和神经元功能障碍。microRNA(miRNA)在基因转录后水平调控中起重要作用,其表达的改变与HD病理过程有关,成为治疗HD的潜在生物标志物。近年来,对一些特定miRNA在HD中调控机制及靶基因预测方面的研究可为HD提供潜在的治疗方法。本文就miRNA在HD中的相关研究进展进行综述。